A: SCCM 2012 tracks information about physical processors as part of the standard hardware inventory. This information can be seen as part of the Resource Explorer (see screen shot below).
SCCM 2012 tracking physical processors
There are also in-box reports that show the number of physical sockets for products that are licensed by socket, such as SQL Server. The screen shot below shows a sample report (report License 06A) showing the number of licenses I should purchase based on software found on servers.
SCCM 2012 sample report
See more answers to FAQs at John Savill's FAQs--on Windows, virtualization, System Center, Windows 8 and Server 2012, and more!